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Martin Luther, the German reformer who helped spark the Protestant Reformation: Here 10 important things you should know about Martin Luther.
1. He Started the Protestant Reformation (1517)
Martin Luther is best known for nailing his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517, challenging the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences (payments for forgiveness).
2. He Believed in Justification by Faith Alone
Luther taught that salvation comes by grace through faith, not by works or rituals. His rediscovery of Romans 1:17—"The righteous shall live by faith"—became central to Reformation theology.
3. He Was a Catholic Monk and Priest
Before becoming a reformer, Luther was an Augustinian monk, deeply devoted to the Church, yet also tormented by guilt and the fear of God’s wrath until he discovered the gospel’s assurance.
4. He Defied the Pope and the Roman Church
In 1521, at the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to recant his writings, famously saying:
“Here I stand, I can do no other. God help me.”
He was excommunicated by the pope and declared an outlaw by the emperor.
5. He Translated the Bible into German
While in hiding at Wartburg Castle, Luther translated the New Testament into German, making Scripture accessible to ordinary people for the first time.
6. He Wrote Hymns – Including “A Mighty Fortress”
Luther loved music and believed it was a powerful tool for teaching theology. He wrote many hymns, the most famous being:
“A Mighty Fortress Is Our God” (Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott)
7. He Married a Former Nun
In 1525, Luther married Katharina von Bora, a former nun. Their marriage was a model of Protestant family life, and they had six children.
8. He Was a Prolific Writer and Theologian
Luther wrote dozens of books, sermons, and tracts. His Small and Large Catechisms taught foundational Christian doctrine, especially to families and pastors.
9. He Was Bold—But Sometimes Harsh
Luther was known for his passion and sharp language, especially against the pope and false doctrine. Sadly, he also wrote harsh and offensive things about Jews later in life, which are rightly criticized today.
10. He Left a Lasting Legacy
Luther’s work led to the rise of Protestant churches, shaped modern views on religious freedom, and changed how people read and relate to the Bible.
His courage and commitment to the gospel still inspire believers around the world.